Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria

Ibikunle Kehinde Bukola; Falusi Ahmed Olamide; Daudu Oladipupo Abdulazeez; Abubakar Abdulhakeem

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14

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| Peer-Reviewed

Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria

Ibikunle Kehinde Bukola^*

, Falusi Ahmed Olamide

, Daudu Oladipupo Abdulazeez

, Abubakar Abdulhakeem

Published in Plant (Volume 12, Issue 4)

Received: 2 October 2024 Accepted: 21 October 2024 Published: 14 November 2024

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Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important legume crop cultivated in many regions of Nigeria. It serves as a source of protein, nutrients and income for communities. However, its production and yield potential are severely affected by drought which has been a prevalent constraint over the years, posing a significant threat to cowpea production and food security hence the need to develop mutant lines that can withstand drought conditions for continuous sustenance of lives and livelihoods. This study aimed to determine the effects of mutagens on drought tolerance indices in selected cowpea mutant lines treated with gamma irradiated and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) collected from the gene bank of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. These mutant lines were subjected to water stress for two weeks and assessed for drought tolerance potential. The study revealed that gamma rays and EMS had significantly effects on drought tolerance indices. The Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) ranged from 4.11 (V2G4) to 7.11 (V3EG3). Stress Intensity (SI) values ranged from 0.050 (V1EG4) to 0.585 (V2G4). V1EG4 exhibited the lowest SI. The SSI values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.43 in genotype V1EG4 to 2.69 in genotype V2G4. It was observed that four mutant lines namely; V1EG4 (0.43), V1G4 (0.47), V3EG3 (0.48), VIEG3 (0.58), V3EG1 (0.95) respectively had SSI value less than one (1). The Tolerance Index (TOL) ranged from 8.60 (V3EG3) to 12.93 (V2G4). The TOL values of the mutant lines V3EG3 exhibited the lowest and in contrast; V2G4 had the highest TOL, Stress Tolerance Index (STI) values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.407 in genotype V2G4 to 1.949 in genotype V3EG3. Mutant lines VIG4 (1.741) V1EG3 (1.893), V1EG4 (1.816) and V1EG3 (1.893) also had higher STI as compared to mutant lines V2EG4 (0.892), V1EG2 (0.714) V3G4 (0.709) and V3G1 (0.548). YI values ranged from 0.32 in genotype V2G4 to 2.24 in genotype V3EG3. The HM values ranged from 3.86 in genotype V2G4 to 7.08 in genotype V3EG. Drought tolerance indices studied confirms that mutagen treatments such as gamma rays and EMS significantly affected the tolerance and productivity of cowpea positively. Mutant lines such as such as V3EG3, V1G4 and V1EG4 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance as evidenced in their high MP, GMP, and STI values, along with low TOL and SSI values suggesting this mutant lines could be used for improving drought tolerance in cowpea breeding initiatives.

Published in	Plant (Volume 12, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14
Page(s)	120-125
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cowpea Mutant Lines, Drought Tolerance, EMS, Gamma Irradiation

References

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[2]	Bolarinwa, K. A., Ogunkanmi, L. A., Ogundipe, O. T., Agboola, O. O., & Amusa, O. D. An investigation of cowpea production constraints and preferences among small holder farmers in Nigeria. GeoJournal, 2023. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10405-6
[3]	Begna, T. Effects of drought stress on crop production and productivity. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences. 2020, 6(9), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0609005
[4]	Jellason, N. P., Conway, J. S., Baines, R. N., & Ogbaga, C. C. A review of farming challenges and resilience management in the Sudano-Sahelian drylands of Nigeria in an era of climate change. Journal of Arid Environments. 2021, 186, 104398. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125750
[5]	Wu, J., Wang, J., Hui, W., Zhao, F., Wang, P., Su, C., & Gong, W. Physiology of plant responses to water stress and related genes: A review. Forests. 2022, 13(2), 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13020324
[6]	Yali, W., & Mitiku, T. (2022). Mutation breeding and its importance in modern plant breeding. Journal of Plant Sciences. 2022, 10(2), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20221002.13.
[7]	Veeranagappa, P., Manu, B., Prasad, G., Blair, M. W., Hickok, D., Naveena, N. L., ... & Tripathi, K. Advanced Breeding Strategies for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Cowpea. Genomic Designing for Abiotic Stress Resistant Pulse Crops. 2022, 115-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91039-6_4
[8]	Bado, S., Forster, B. P., & Maghuly, F. Physical and chemicals mutagenesis in plant breeding. In Mutation breeding for sustainable food production and climate resilience. 2023, (pp. 57-97). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9720-3_3
[9]	Eswaramoorthy, V., Kandasamy, T., Thiyagarajan, K., Vanniarajan, C., & Jegadeesan, S. Effectiveness and efficiency of electron beam in comparison with gamma rays and ethyl methane sulfonate mutagens in cowpea. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2021, 171, 109640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109640
[10]	Adegbenro F. Assessment of Public Perception of Climate Change Issues in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. 2022, Vol. 8 (Number 1): 14-22. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362158621
[11]	Abdullahi, W. M., Dianda, M., Boukar, O., Dieng, I., Mohammed, G. S., Belko, N., ... & Vanlauwe, B. Integrated management of Striga gesnerioides in cowpea using resistant varieties, improved crop nutrition and rhizobium inoculants. Plant and Soil. 2022, 473(1), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05295-7
[12]	Ajayi, A. T. Relationships among drought tolerance indices and yield characters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Int. J. Sci. Res. in Biological Sciences. 2020, Vol, 7(5). http://www.isroset.org
[13]	Gnankambary, K., Sawadogo, N., Diéni, Z., Batieno, T. B. J., Tignegré, J. B. D. S., Sawadogo, M., & Ouédraogo, T. J. Assessment of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) mutant lines for drought tolerance. International Journal of Agronomy. 2020, (1), 8823498. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071287
[14]	Ngompe Deffo, T., Kouam, E. B., Mandou, M. S., Bara, R. A. T., Chotangui, A. H., Souleymanou, A., ... & Tankou, C. M. (2024). Identifying critical growth stage and resilient genotypes in cowpea under drought stress contributes to enhancing crop tolerance for improvement and adaptation in Cameroon. 2024, Plos one, 19(6), e0304674. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304674
[15]	Missanga, J., Ndakidemi, P., & Venkataramana, P. Lablab purpureus: Evaluation and Selection of Drought-tolerant-High-yielding Accessions in Dry Farming Systems Based on Drought Tolerance Indices and Multi-environmental Yield Trials. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 29(2), 690-709. http://dx.doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1169256
[16]	Sanogo, S. A., Diallo, S., Batieno, T. B. J., Ishola, A. I., Sawadogo, N., & Nyadanu, D. Screen House Assessment of Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Selection Indices. Agricultural Sciences. 2023, 14(4), 457-473. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2023.144030
[17]	Haile, G. G., Tang, Q., Li, W., Liu, X., & Zhang, X. Drought: Progress in broadening its understanding. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water. 2020, 7(2), e1407. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1407
[18]	Olorunwa, O. J., Shi, A., & Barickman, T. C. Varying drought stress induces morpho-physiological changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) genotypes inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Plant Stress. 2021, 2, 100033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2021.100033
[19]	Goa, Y., Mohammed, H., Worku, W., & Urage, E. Genotype by environment interaction and yield stability of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes in moisture limited areas of Southern Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2022, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09013
[20]	Harouna, D. V. Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses of Domesticated Vigna Legumes: A Comprehensive Review. Microbial Mitigation of Stress Response of Food Legumes. 2020, 11-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003028413-3
[21]	Mohammed, S. B., Ongom, P. O., Togola, A., & Boukar, O. Enhancing cowpea tolerance to elevated temperature: achievements, challenges and future directions. Agronomy. 2024, 14(3), 513. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030513
[22]	Opoku Gyamfi, M., Eleblu, J. S. Y., Sarfoa, L. G., Asante, I. K., Opoku-Agyemang, F., & Danquah, E. Y. Induced variations of ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenized cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. walp) plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2022, 13, 952247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.952247

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APA Style

Bukola, I. K., Olamide, F. A., Abdulazeez, D. O., Abdulhakeem, A. (2024). Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria. Plant, 12(4), 120-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14

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ACS Style

Bukola, I. K.; Olamide, F. A.; Abdulazeez, D. O.; Abdulhakeem, A. Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria. Plant. 2024, 12(4), 120-125. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14

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AMA Style

Bukola IK, Olamide FA, Abdulazeez DO, Abdulhakeem A. Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria. Plant. 2024;12(4):120-125. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14,
  author = {Ibikunle Kehinde Bukola and Falusi Ahmed Olamide and Daudu Oladipupo Abdulazeez and Abubakar Abdulhakeem},
  title = {Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria
},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {120-125},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20241204.14},
  abstract = {Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important legume crop cultivated in many regions of Nigeria. It serves as a source of protein, nutrients and income for communities. However, its production and yield potential are severely affected by drought which has been a prevalent constraint over the years, posing a significant threat to cowpea production and food security hence the need to develop mutant lines that can withstand drought conditions for continuous sustenance of lives and livelihoods. This study aimed to determine the effects of mutagens on drought tolerance indices in selected cowpea mutant lines treated with gamma irradiated and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) collected from the gene bank of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. These mutant lines were subjected to water stress for two weeks and assessed for drought tolerance potential. The study revealed that gamma rays and EMS had significantly effects on drought tolerance indices. The Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) ranged from 4.11 (V2G4) to 7.11 (V3EG3). Stress Intensity (SI) values ranged from 0.050 (V1EG4) to 0.585 (V2G4). V1EG4 exhibited the lowest SI. The SSI values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.43 in genotype V1EG4 to 2.69 in genotype V2G4. It was observed that four mutant lines namely; V1EG4 (0.43), V1G4 (0.47), V3EG3 (0.48), VIEG3 (0.58), V3EG1 (0.95) respectively had SSI value less than one (1). The Tolerance Index (TOL) ranged from 8.60 (V3EG3) to 12.93 (V2G4). The TOL values of the mutant lines V3EG3 exhibited the lowest and in contrast; V2G4 had the highest TOL, Stress Tolerance Index (STI) values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.407 in genotype V2G4 to 1.949 in genotype V3EG3. Mutant lines VIG4 (1.741) V1EG3 (1.893), V1EG4 (1.816) and V1EG3 (1.893) also had higher STI as compared to mutant lines V2EG4 (0.892), V1EG2 (0.714) V3G4 (0.709) and V3G1 (0.548). YI values ranged from 0.32 in genotype V2G4 to 2.24 in genotype V3EG3. The HM values ranged from 3.86 in genotype V2G4 to 7.08 in genotype V3EG. Drought tolerance indices studied confirms that mutagen treatments such as gamma rays and EMS significantly affected the tolerance and productivity of cowpea positively. Mutant lines such as such as V3EG3, V1G4 and V1EG4 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance as evidenced in their high MP, GMP, and STI values, along with low TOL and SSI values suggesting this mutant lines could be used for improving drought tolerance in cowpea breeding initiatives.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria

AU  - Ibikunle Kehinde Bukola
AU  - Falusi Ahmed Olamide
AU  - Daudu Oladipupo Abdulazeez
AU  - Abubakar Abdulhakeem
Y1  - 2024/11/14
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 120
EP  - 125
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14
AB  - Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important legume crop cultivated in many regions of Nigeria. It serves as a source of protein, nutrients and income for communities. However, its production and yield potential are severely affected by drought which has been a prevalent constraint over the years, posing a significant threat to cowpea production and food security hence the need to develop mutant lines that can withstand drought conditions for continuous sustenance of lives and livelihoods. This study aimed to determine the effects of mutagens on drought tolerance indices in selected cowpea mutant lines treated with gamma irradiated and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) collected from the gene bank of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. These mutant lines were subjected to water stress for two weeks and assessed for drought tolerance potential. The study revealed that gamma rays and EMS had significantly effects on drought tolerance indices. The Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) ranged from 4.11 (V2G4) to 7.11 (V3EG3). Stress Intensity (SI) values ranged from 0.050 (V1EG4) to 0.585 (V2G4). V1EG4 exhibited the lowest SI. The SSI values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.43 in genotype V1EG4 to 2.69 in genotype V2G4. It was observed that four mutant lines namely; V1EG4 (0.43), V1G4 (0.47), V3EG3 (0.48), VIEG3 (0.58), V3EG1 (0.95) respectively had SSI value less than one (1). The Tolerance Index (TOL) ranged from 8.60 (V3EG3) to 12.93 (V2G4). The TOL values of the mutant lines V3EG3 exhibited the lowest and in contrast; V2G4 had the highest TOL, Stress Tolerance Index (STI) values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.407 in genotype V2G4 to 1.949 in genotype V3EG3. Mutant lines VIG4 (1.741) V1EG3 (1.893), V1EG4 (1.816) and V1EG3 (1.893) also had higher STI as compared to mutant lines V2EG4 (0.892), V1EG2 (0.714) V3G4 (0.709) and V3G1 (0.548). YI values ranged from 0.32 in genotype V2G4 to 2.24 in genotype V3EG3. The HM values ranged from 3.86 in genotype V2G4 to 7.08 in genotype V3EG. Drought tolerance indices studied confirms that mutagen treatments such as gamma rays and EMS significantly affected the tolerance and productivity of cowpea positively. Mutant lines such as such as V3EG3, V1G4 and V1EG4 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance as evidenced in their high MP, GMP, and STI values, along with low TOL and SSI values suggesting this mutant lines could be used for improving drought tolerance in cowpea breeding initiatives.

VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ibikunle Kehinde Bukola

Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9000-0710
Falusi Ahmed Olamide

Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-8318
Daudu Oladipupo Abdulazeez

Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-7897
Abubakar Abdulhakeem

Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-9870

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APA Style

Bukola, I. K., Olamide, F. A., Abdulazeez, D. O., Abdulhakeem, A. (2024). Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria. Plant, 12(4), 120-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14

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ACS Style

Bukola, I. K.; Olamide, F. A.; Abdulazeez, D. O.; Abdulhakeem, A. Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria. Plant. 2024, 12(4), 120-125. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14

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AMA Style

Bukola IK, Olamide FA, Abdulazeez DO, Abdulhakeem A. Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria. Plant. 2024;12(4):120-125. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14,
  author = {Ibikunle Kehinde Bukola and Falusi Ahmed Olamide and Daudu Oladipupo Abdulazeez and Abubakar Abdulhakeem},
  title = {Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria
},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {120-125},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20241204.14},
  abstract = {Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important legume crop cultivated in many regions of Nigeria. It serves as a source of protein, nutrients and income for communities. However, its production and yield potential are severely affected by drought which has been a prevalent constraint over the years, posing a significant threat to cowpea production and food security hence the need to develop mutant lines that can withstand drought conditions for continuous sustenance of lives and livelihoods. This study aimed to determine the effects of mutagens on drought tolerance indices in selected cowpea mutant lines treated with gamma irradiated and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) collected from the gene bank of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. These mutant lines were subjected to water stress for two weeks and assessed for drought tolerance potential. The study revealed that gamma rays and EMS had significantly effects on drought tolerance indices. The Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) ranged from 4.11 (V2G4) to 7.11 (V3EG3). Stress Intensity (SI) values ranged from 0.050 (V1EG4) to 0.585 (V2G4). V1EG4 exhibited the lowest SI. The SSI values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.43 in genotype V1EG4 to 2.69 in genotype V2G4. It was observed that four mutant lines namely; V1EG4 (0.43), V1G4 (0.47), V3EG3 (0.48), VIEG3 (0.58), V3EG1 (0.95) respectively had SSI value less than one (1). The Tolerance Index (TOL) ranged from 8.60 (V3EG3) to 12.93 (V2G4). The TOL values of the mutant lines V3EG3 exhibited the lowest and in contrast; V2G4 had the highest TOL, Stress Tolerance Index (STI) values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.407 in genotype V2G4 to 1.949 in genotype V3EG3. Mutant lines VIG4 (1.741) V1EG3 (1.893), V1EG4 (1.816) and V1EG3 (1.893) also had higher STI as compared to mutant lines V2EG4 (0.892), V1EG2 (0.714) V3G4 (0.709) and V3G1 (0.548). YI values ranged from 0.32 in genotype V2G4 to 2.24 in genotype V3EG3. The HM values ranged from 3.86 in genotype V2G4 to 7.08 in genotype V3EG. Drought tolerance indices studied confirms that mutagen treatments such as gamma rays and EMS significantly affected the tolerance and productivity of cowpea positively. Mutant lines such as such as V3EG3, V1G4 and V1EG4 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance as evidenced in their high MP, GMP, and STI values, along with low TOL and SSI values suggesting this mutant lines could be used for improving drought tolerance in cowpea breeding initiatives.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Mutagenic Treatments on Drought Tolerance Indices of Selected Cowpea Mutant Lines from Niger State, Nigeria

AU  - Ibikunle Kehinde Bukola
AU  - Falusi Ahmed Olamide
AU  - Daudu Oladipupo Abdulazeez
AU  - Abubakar Abdulhakeem
Y1  - 2024/11/14
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 120
EP  - 125
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.14
AB  - Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important legume crop cultivated in many regions of Nigeria. It serves as a source of protein, nutrients and income for communities. However, its production and yield potential are severely affected by drought which has been a prevalent constraint over the years, posing a significant threat to cowpea production and food security hence the need to develop mutant lines that can withstand drought conditions for continuous sustenance of lives and livelihoods. This study aimed to determine the effects of mutagens on drought tolerance indices in selected cowpea mutant lines treated with gamma irradiated and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) collected from the gene bank of Plant Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. These mutant lines were subjected to water stress for two weeks and assessed for drought tolerance potential. The study revealed that gamma rays and EMS had significantly effects on drought tolerance indices. The Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) ranged from 4.11 (V2G4) to 7.11 (V3EG3). Stress Intensity (SI) values ranged from 0.050 (V1EG4) to 0.585 (V2G4). V1EG4 exhibited the lowest SI. The SSI values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.43 in genotype V1EG4 to 2.69 in genotype V2G4. It was observed that four mutant lines namely; V1EG4 (0.43), V1G4 (0.47), V3EG3 (0.48), VIEG3 (0.58), V3EG1 (0.95) respectively had SSI value less than one (1). The Tolerance Index (TOL) ranged from 8.60 (V3EG3) to 12.93 (V2G4). The TOL values of the mutant lines V3EG3 exhibited the lowest and in contrast; V2G4 had the highest TOL, Stress Tolerance Index (STI) values of the cowpea mutant lines ranged from 0.407 in genotype V2G4 to 1.949 in genotype V3EG3. Mutant lines VIG4 (1.741) V1EG3 (1.893), V1EG4 (1.816) and V1EG3 (1.893) also had higher STI as compared to mutant lines V2EG4 (0.892), V1EG2 (0.714) V3G4 (0.709) and V3G1 (0.548). YI values ranged from 0.32 in genotype V2G4 to 2.24 in genotype V3EG3. The HM values ranged from 3.86 in genotype V2G4 to 7.08 in genotype V3EG. Drought tolerance indices studied confirms that mutagen treatments such as gamma rays and EMS significantly affected the tolerance and productivity of cowpea positively. Mutant lines such as such as V3EG3, V1G4 and V1EG4 exhibited enhanced drought tolerance as evidenced in their high MP, GMP, and STI values, along with low TOL and SSI values suggesting this mutant lines could be used for improving drought tolerance in cowpea breeding initiatives.

VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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